Study on prevalence and liver function test enzymes of differently plumaged peafowls (Pavo cristatus) infected with Toxoplasma gondii in captivity / [Estudo sobre enzimas de prevalência e teste da função hepatica de pavões de plumage diferente (Pavo cristatus) infectados com Toxoplasma gondii em cativeiro]

O presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a prevalência geral de toxoplasmose em pavões de plumagem diferente e seu efeito nas enzimas de teste da função hepática dos hospedeiros. Um total de cem pavões de plumas diferenciais, como ombro preto (n = 52), azul (n = 28), branco (n = 10) e arlequim (n = 10) foram estudados no zoológico de Bahawalpur, no Paquistão, usando o Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) e ensaio imunossorvente ligado a enzima (ELISA). A prevalência geral por LAT e ELISA foi de 37% e 30%, respectivamente. Por LAT, observou-se uma prevalência não significativamente maior (P≥0,05) em gênero (37,77%) nos machos do que nas fêmeas (36,36%), enquanto os adultos apresentaram uma prevalência maior (37,97%) em relação aos jovens (33,33%). De acordo com o ELISA, uma prevalência significativamente (P <0,05) maior (35,55%) foi observada nos machos do que nas fêmeas (25,45%) e significativamente (P <0,05) maior prevalência (31,64%) foi registrada nos adultos do que nos jovens (23,80%). A análise do perfil bioquímico sérico mostrou que o nível de bilirrubina não teve elevação significativa nos hospedeiros infectados, em comparação aos não infectados, enquanto a concentração de albumina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (ALP) foi significativamente (P <0,05) diferente nos hospedeiros infectados. Conclui-se que a toxoplasmose afeta as enzimas do teste da função hepática. Essa é uma pesquisa preliminar e requer mais pesquisas em todo o país, com populações e amostras maiores.(AU)

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated hematological alterations in small ruminants of D.G. Khan district of Southern Punjab, Pakistan / [Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e alterações hematológicas associadas em pequenos ruminantes no distrito de D.G. Khan no sul de Punjab, Paquistão]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and hematological effects of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat in district Dera Ghazi Khan. Blood samples (n=204) were collected comprise goats (n=101) and sheep (n=103) alongwith age, gender and breeds of animals. Samples were collected randomly from 25 flocks of 7 different union council Viz. Vehova, Tibbi Qaisrani, Lakhani, Kohar, Tuman Qaisrani, Nutkani and Kot Qaisrani of Tehsil Taunsa Sharif at least 4 animals from each flock. All ruminants divide into three groups based on age, breed and gender. The prevalence was detected through two different kits Viz. LAT and ELISA kit. The overall prevalence suspected in goats through LAT and ELISA kit was (35.64%), (32.67%) and in sheep was (25.24%), (23.30%) respectively. The Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on goats in age groups and non-significant all other groups of goats and sheep. Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on all hematological parameters like Hemoglobin, total leukocyte cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells, except monocytes. In conclusion of the current study, toxoplasmosis is prevalent among ruminants, reveals the possibility of transmission to humans on the use of host animals as protein source.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e efeitos hematológicos de Toxoplasma gondii em ovelhas e cabras no distrito Dera Ghazi Khan. Amostras de sangue (n=204) foram coletadas para incluir cabras (n=101) e ovelhas (n=103), além de idade, gênero e raça dos animais. Amostras foram coletadas aleatoriamente de 25 rebanhos de 7 conselhos sindicais: Vehova, Tibbi Qaisrani, Lakhani, Kohar, Tuman Qaisrani, Nutkani e Kot Qaisrani of Tehsil Taunsa Sharif com pelo menos 4 animais em cada rebanho. Todos os ruminantes foram divididos em três grupos baseados em idade, raça e gênero. A prevalência foi detectada usando dois kits, LAT e ELISA. A prevalência total suspeita em cabras através dos kits LAT e ELISA foi (35.64%), (32.67%) e em ovelhas foi (25.24%), (23.30%) respectivamente. O Toxoplasma gondii teve efeito significativo em cabras em grupos de idade e não significativo em todos os outros grupos de cabras e ovelhas. Toxoplasma gondii teve efeito significativo em todos os parâmetros hematológicos como hemoglobina, células totais de leucócitos, granulócitos, linfócitos, plaquetas e glóbulos vermelhos, exceto monócitos. O presente estudo conclui que toxoplasmose é prevalente entre ruminantes, e revela a possibilidade de transmissão para humanos com o uso de animais hospedeiros como fonte de proteína.(AU)

Expression and significance of LAT1 and p-s6 breast cancer / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the expression and significance of type L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1 ) and phosphorylated s6 ribosomal protein (p-s6) in breast cancer tissues and their correlation. Methods LAT1 protein and p-s6 protein were detected by immunohistochemical EnVision two step method in 178 cases of breast cancer and 78 cases of benign breast lesion, and the relationship between the expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results The positive rate of LAT1 in breast cancer was 36.5％, which was significantly higher than that of breast benign lesion tissues (23.1 ％, P＜ 0.05 ), the positive rate of p-s6 in breast cancer tissues was33.2％, which was significantly higher than that of breast benign lesion tissues (12.8％, P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of LAT1 protein and p-s6 protein in breast cancer tissues (r = 0.345, P＜ 0.05). The expression of LAT1 protein in breast cancer was correlated with tumor diameter, axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM staging and HER-2 level (P＜ 0.05), but not associated with the patient's age, histological grade, ER, and PR levels (P＞ 0.05). The expression of p-s6 protein was related to axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, age and ER level (P＜ 0.05), but not associated with tumor diameter, histological grade, PR and HER-2 levels (P＞ 0.05 ). Multivariate analysis showed that the expres sion of LAT1 protein was related to tumor diameter and expression level of HER-2. The expression of p-s6 protein was related to axillary lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression of LAT1 protein and p-s6 protein in breast cancer is up-regulated, and the expression of these two proteins is positively related, which implying that LAT1 and p-s6 might play a synergistic role in the development and progression of breast cancer.

The expression of the aminoacid transporters ASCT2 (SLC1A5) and LAT1 (SLC7A5) in astrocytomas / Expressão dos transportadores de aminoácidos ASCT2 (SLC1A5) e LAT1 (SLC7A5) em astrocitomas

OBJECTIVE: ASCT2 and LAT1 are aminoacid transporters involved in glutamine transport and play a role in tumor growth. Previous studies have shown an association of ASCT2 to cell proliferation through the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) translational machinery; LAT1 has been shown as a prognostic marker due to its relation to tumor invasion, microscopic vascular invasion and metastasis. This study analyzed the gene expression of ASCT2 and LAT1 in astrocytomas of different grades and how this correlates to clinical outcome in glioblastoma patients. METHOD: This is an observational study with ASCT2 and LAT1 mRNA expression analysis in 153 samples of human astrocytomas, distributed in different World Health Organization (WHO) grades of malignancy (23 at grade I or pilocytic astrocytoma, 26 at grade II or low-grade astrocytoma, 18 at grade III or anaplastic astrocytoma, 86 at grade IV astrocytoma or glioblastoma (AGIV or GBM)); these were compared to 22 non-neoplastic brain samples. RESULTS: Significant hyperexpression of both genes was observed particularly in malignant astrocytomas (GIII & GBM). Moreover, LAT1 hyperexpression impacted negatively in the overall survival in a subset of GBM patients. CONCLUSION: LAT1 is more expressed in higher grade astrocytomas. It leads to a poorer prognosis among GBM patients and may be a potential therapeutical target.

OBJETIVO: ASCT2 e LAT1 são transportadores de aminoácidos envolvidos no transporte de glutamina e desempenham um papel no crescimento tumoral. Estudos prévios mostraram uma associação de ASCT2 com proliferação celular através da maquinaria de tradução do mTOR; tem sido mostrado que o LAT1 é um marcador prognóstico devido à sua relação com invasão tumoral, invasão vascular microscópica e metástase. Este estudo analisou a expressão gênica de ASCT2 e LAT1 em astrocitomas de diferentes graus e sua correlação com desfecho clínico em pacientes com glioblastoma. METODO: Este é um estudo observacional com análise de expressão de RNAm de ASCT2 e LAT1 em 153 amostras de astrocitomas humanos, distribuídas em diferentes graus de malignidade segundo a OMS (23 astrocitomas de grau I ou astrocitoma pilocítico, 26 de astrocitoma de grau II ou astrocitoma de baixo grau, 18 de astrocitoma de grau III ou astrocitoma anaplásico, 86 de astrocitoma de grau IV ou glioblastoma (AGIV ou GBM); estes foram comparados com 22 amostras cerebrais não neoplásicas. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma hiperexpressão de ambos os genes, particularmente nos astrocitomas malignos (GIII & GBM). Além disso, a hiperexpressão LAT1 impactou negativamente na sobrevida global em um grupo de pacientes com GBM. CONCLUSÃO: LAT1 é mais expresso em astrocitomas de grau maior. Isso leva a um pior prognóstico entre os pacientes com GBM e pode ser um potencial alvo terapêutico.

Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV patients

OBJECTIVES@#To assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV patients in Agaro Town Health Center of Jimma zone.@*METHODS@#Convenient sampling was used to collect blood samples from 135 patients attending anti-retroviral therapy from February to March 2015. Serum samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) antibody by using latex agglutination test. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis.@*RESULTS@#Overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 80.7% (109/135, CI: 74.04-87.36). In multivariate analysis significant association was observed between anti-T. gondii seropositivity and raw meat consumption (OR: 3.514, CI: 1.167-10.581, P = 0.025), knowledge about toxoplasmosis (OR: 5.225, CI: 1.382, P = 0.015) and sex (OR: 4.023, CI: 1.382-19.762, P = 0.015).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Immuno compromised patients showed high rate of seropositivity and thus, it is highly advisable to introduce routine anti-T. gondii antibodies serological screening test prior to ART commencement.

Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV patients

Objectives To assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV patients in Agaro Town Health Center of Jimma zone. Methods Convenient sampling was used to collect blood samples from 135 patients attending anti-retroviral therapy from February to March 2015. Serum samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) antibody by using latex agglutination test. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. Results Overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 80.7% (109/135, CI: 74.04–87.36). In multivariate analysis significant association was observed between anti-T. gondii seropositivity and raw meat consumption (OR: 3.514, CI: 1.167–10.581, P = 0.025), knowledge about toxoplasmosis (OR: 5.225, CI: 1.382, P = 0.015) and sex (OR: 4.023, CI: 1.382–19.762, P = 0.015). Conclusions Immuno compromised patients showed high rate of seropositivity and thus, it is highly advisable to introduce routine anti-T. gondii antibodies serological screening test prior to ART commencement.

Expression and its clinical significance of Ki-67, P53, LATI in tissue of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues from 20 cases of normal esophageal mucosa,68 cases of precancerous lesions including 21 cases of mild atypical hyperplasia,22 cases of atypical hyperplasia,25 cases of severe atypical hyperplasia and cancer tissues from 34 esophageal cancer patients.The relationship between the expression of the three in esophageal carcinoma was analysed.Results: Re-spectively,the positive expression rate of Ki-67 in normal esophageal mucosa, mild atypical hyperplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma was 0%( 0/20 ) , 23.8%( 5/21 ) , 40.9%( 9/22 ) , 76.0%( 19/25 ) , 82.4%( 28/34 ) and the positive expression rate of P53 was 0%(0/20),14.3%(3/21),31.8%(7/22),48.0%(12/25),67.6%(23/34) and the positive expression rate of LAT1 was 0%( 0/20 ) , 19.0%( 4/21 ) , 36.4%( 8/22 ) , 52.0%( 13/25 ) , 76.5%( 26/34 ).The rank correlation analysis showed that the positive expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 were significantly correlated with histological grade(r=0.626,0.427, 0.586,P<0.01) and the expression of Ki-67,P53 was positively correlated with LAT1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues(r=0.428, 0.596,P<0.01).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Ki-67,P53,LAT1 protein was significant related to carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer and the combined detection of the three has important clinical significance.

CD59 has a positive effect on LAT induced T lymphocytes activation / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the function of CD 59 in LAT induced T lymphocytes'proliferation and activation.Methods:Transfected LAT-GFP recombinant lentiviral vectors into Jurkat cells and established a fusion-protein stable express cell line ( Jurkat-GFP ).Junket-GFP cells were transfected with pSUPER-siCD59 plasmids by electroporetion or stimulated by anti-CD59 antibody.The cellular locations of CD 59 and LAT were observed under fluorescence microscope with the immunofluorescence cytochem -istry.The cells proliferation were measured by MTT assay.Furthermore,Western blot was used to detect the total and phosphorylation levels of several down-stream proteins after T cell activated .Results: Jurkat-GFP cells successfully transfected with pSUPER-siCD59 plasmids showed lower fluorescence staining.CD59 and LAT distributed uniformly on the cell surface before stimulated with anti-CD59 antibody and formed clusters once upon stimulation.Jurkat-GFP cells stimulated with anti-CD59 antibody showed a higher level of pro-liferation and protein phosphorylation ,compared with the others.Conclusion:CD59 contributed to LAT induced signaling transduction of T lymphocytes ,and stimulated CD59 molecule partly promoted T cell activation.

Latex agglutination test based prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in native Korean cattle / 대한수의학회지

The prevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii was surveyed using a latex agglutination test (LAT) in native Korean cattle. A blood sample was collected from female 105 cattle in the Daejeon area of Korea. All cattle were asymptomatic and had not received any prophylactic treatment for T. gondii. Blood samples were collected via the caudal vein. The cattle ranged in age from 2~6 years (mean 3.7 years). LAT detected antibody to T. gondii in four of 105 (3.8%) cattle. However, the hazard analysis and critical control point protocol has been applied to cattle farms and beef traceability has been strengthen.

Transmembrane Adaptor Proteins Positively Regulating the Activation of Lymphocytes

Engagement of the immunoreceptors initiates signaling cascades resulting in lymphocyte activation and differentiation to effector cells, which are essential for the elimination of pathogens from the body. For the transduction of these immunoreceptor-mediated signals, several linker proteins termed transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) were shown to be required. TRAPs serve as platforms for the assembly and membrane targeting of the specific signaling proteins. Among seven TRAPs identified so far, LAT and LIME were shown to act as a positive regulator in TCR-mediated signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the functions of LAT and LIME in modulating T cell development, activation and differentiation.

Distributions and functions of glutamine transporters in IEC-6 cell line / 医学研究生学报

Objective:Glutamine is the main oxidative fuel of the enterocyte which enters the enterocyte primarily via amino acid transporters.The aim of the test was to study the distributions and functions of glutamine transporters in IEC-6 cell line.Methods:The rat intestinal epithelial cell line(IEC-6) was incubated in vitro.The mRNA expression of different glutamine transporters,protein expression of system ASCT2,and the [3H]-L-glutamine uptake were measured.Results:The mRNA of system ASCT2,SN1,ATA1,LAT1,LAT2 was expressed and the protein expression of ASCT2 was also validated in IEC-6.In Na+-containing buffer,the velocity of Na+-dependent glutamine uptake was(164.07?37.94) fmol/(mg protein?10min).In Na+-free buffer,the velocity of glutamine uptake was(58.71?10.51)fmol/(mg protein?10min).With the saturate dosage of MeAIB,the velocity of glutamine uptake was(81.02 ?19.59) fmol/(mg protein?10min).Conclusion:There may be five kinds of glutamine transporters(ASCT2,SN1,ATA1,LAT1,and LAT2) in IEC-6 cell.The Na+-dependent transporter was the major contributor(64.22%) to glutamine total uptake in IEC-6.The contributions of system A and the remainder were 50.62% and 13.60%,respectively.The Na+-independent transporter was the lesser contributor(35.78%).

Performance Analysis of Panel Reactive Antibody Test by Lambda Antigen Tray Kit using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: To detect human leukocyte antigen(HLA) alloantibodies, panel reactive antibody(PRA) test using complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity(CDC) has been generally used in Korea but this method lacks standardization. We analyzed the performance of Lambda Antigen Tray(LAT, One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, USA) kit using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). METHODS: We carried out PRA screening by ELISA with LAT10X5 kit and CDC with home-made panels for 81 sera patients. We carried out PRA identification by ELISA with LAT1240 kit for some sera with positive or discordant results of both CDC and PRA screening by ELISA. RESULTS: The agreement of CDC and PRA screening by ELISA was 85%(69/81). In 12 sera with positive results of both CDC and PRA screening by ELISA, no sera had same results of HLA antibody specificities. HLA class II antibodies were found in 13 sera(16%) and 12 sera of those had HLA class I antibodies, too. CONCLUSIONS: The agreement of CDC and PRA screening by ELISA was similar to other foreign result. Disagreement of both methods might be due to greatly difference of frequencies of HLA in used panels. New manufactured goods considered frequencies of Korean HLA should be made in order that PRA by ELISA can be applied to routine work.